Iraq

Iraq submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2021. Most recently, in November 2025, Iraq submitted its NDC 3.0.

The country commits to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 22% by 2035 compared to the business-as-usual scenario, with 5% unconditionally and 17% conditional on international support. The NDC includes all sectors and gases under the national inventory and aligns with Iraq's Vision 2030 and its commitments under the Paris Agreement.

Mitigation priorities include ending gas flaring and expanding renewable energy to 8.5% by 2030, improving public transport and promoting electric mobility, decarbonizing industry and enhancing energy efficiency, advancing sustainable agriculture and livestock practices, expanding afforestation and restoring degraded lands and scaling up waste-to-energy and circular economy solutions.

Adaptation priorities include strengthening water security and integrated resource management, building climate-resilient infrastructure and housing, conserving biodiversity and rehabilitating ecosystems, ensuring food security through climate-smart agriculture, expanding climate education and capacity building and enhancing disaster risk management and early warning systems.

The NDC was developed through a participatory process led by the Ministry of Environment.