Methodology by IIASA
ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=file&fil=EC4MACS_GAINS_Methodologies_Final.pdf
End year
Gross domestic product
Discount rate
Population
Base year data on energy consumption
transport
industry and agriculture
emission projections and control costs for air pollutants (SO2
NOX
VOC
PM
NH3)
Emission inventories and emission projections for greenhouse gases (CO2
CH4
N2O and the F‐gases)
Human health damages
Health and environmental impacts
Control measures that need to be implemented in various policy scenarios
including cost‐efficient solutions
GAINS is an online tool for assessing transnational strategies that reduce emissions of multiple air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHG) at least costs, and minimize their negative effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate change. GAINS estimates historic emissions of ten air pollutants and six GHGs based on data from international energy and industrial statistics, emission inventories, and on data supplied by countries themselves. It assesses emissions on a medium-term time horizon, with projections being specified in five-year intervals through the year 2050. GAINS estimates for each country/region the potential emission reductions that are offered by about 2,000 specific emission control measures and their costs.