Eswatini

Overview

Eswatini submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2016, followed by an updated version in 2021. Most recently, in September 2025, Eswatini submitted its NDC 3.0.

Eswatini commits to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2.24 million tonnes CO2e by 2035 — 69% of which depends on international finance, technology and capacity support.

Mitigation priorities cover agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU), energy, waste and industrial processes and product use (IPPU) — and includes measures such as scaling renewables and clean cooking to restoring degraded lands, planting 15 million trees by 2030 and building a circular economy.

Adaptation plans focus on disaster risk reduction, agriculture, health, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and water resource management, biodiversity and ecosystems, infrastructure and settlements and energy. Eswatini aims to limit climate-related losses to 3% of GDP, keeping 80% of health facilities operational during shocks and achieving universal access to safe water by 2035.

Crosscutting themes in the NDC 3.0 touch on gender, youth, children and other vulnerable groups, finance, technology and capacity building.

The NDC was developed through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society process led by the Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs (MTEA).

Knowledge

Timeline of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Document Submissions

Please click on the timeline below to view the documents submitted.

Climate Commitments

Partnership Engagement

Membership: Member since 2018
Country Engagement: Since joining the Partnership, the Kingdom of Eswatini has requested support related to designing or improving policies, strategies, plans, and legislation; mainstreaming NDCs into national/subnational planning and budgeting; improving the quality and ambition of the NDC; improving coordination and whole-of-society approach; and LT-LEDS development and/or enhancement. With Partnership support, the Kingdom of Eswatini has developed an NDC Implementation Plan for the period 2021-2030 with 23 outcomes and 96 outputs covering nine core sectors and three cross-cutting sectors. In addition, partners have supported various activities including the provision of support towards the NDC Update, LT-LEDS development, greening of central bank initiative and embedded support (economic advisors and NDC in-country facilitator). For further information on the requests submitted by the Kingdom of Eswatini, including outstanding areas of support, please follow the links in the following section.

View Requests for Support in kNook